Transmission



P 1949- v. J. JANDASEK 2,480,933

TRANSMISSION Filed Oct. 29, 1945 I 2 Sheets-Sheet l i I INVENTOR. l4 m/g/e JJQA/QQSEK pt. 6, i949, v. J. JANDASEK TRANSMISSION Filed 001;. 29, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2' IN VEN TOR.

Vino/Age Jdawoasnr 10 TTOE/VE'K Patented Sept. 6, 1949 ramsmssrow Vladimir J. Jandasek, Detroit, Mich assignmto Bendix Aviation Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Delaware Application October 29, 1945, Serial No. 825,307 a 3 Claims. (Gl- 74-732) This invention relates to transmissions. and more particularly to fluid transmissions.

The invention comprehends a. transmission including a fluid coupling, afluid torque converter, a planetary gear system and fluid pressure means for control thereof.

An object of the invention is to provide a transmission including individual fluid drives operative in sequence.

Another object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling,.a fluid torque converter and means undercontrol of the converter for locking the coupling and converter together.

Another object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling, a fluid torque converter and a fluid actuated clutch for locking the coupling and converter together for concomitant operation when torque multiplication is no longer required.

Another object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling, a fluid torque converter and means automatically operated by the converter for locking the coupling to the converter for concomitant operation.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling, .a fluid torque converter associated therewith, and a fluid actuated clutch for locking the driven element of the converter to the driven element of the coupling when the torque ratio becomes suf- Yet a further object of the invention is to pro vide a transmission including separate fluid power transmitting means at least one of which is ineffective for the delivery of power until the other attains a torque ratio of one-to-one, or less.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the drawings forming a part of this specification, and in which:

Fig. l is a vertical sectional view of a transmission embodying the invention; and

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatieal view of a fluid pressure system for control of the transmission.

Referring to the drawings for more specific details of the invention, I ll represents the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine having a flange l2 and an axial recess l4. -A bearing l6 flttedin the recess supports a center shaft it having an axial passage and diametral passages 22 and 24 communicating with the axial passage. The center shaft also has an axial recess to, and a bearing 28'fltted in ports a driven shaft 3|.

A- fluid coupling, indicated generally at 32, includes an impeller 34 and a runner 36. As shown, the impeller includes a hub 38 suitably secured to theflange 'of the crankshaftv Ill. The hub supports a web 4| having thereon a plurality of annular shrouds 42 nested one within another. The shrouds aresubstantially semi-circular in crosssection, and spaced blades 44 are suitably secured in each of the shrouds. I

The runner 36 for cooperation with the impeller includes a hub 46 mounted for rotation on the center shaft It. The hub supports a web 48 having secured thereon a plurality of annular shrouds so nested one within another. The shrouds are semi-circular in cross-section, and spaced vanes 52 are secured in each of the shrouds.

A fluid pressure actuated clutch indicated generally at 54 includes an annular cylinder 56 flxedly secured to the web 48 of the runner. The cylinder has a port 58 connected by a tube 60 to a radial passage 52 in the hub 48 in registration with the radial passage 22 in the center shaft, and a piston 64 reciprocable in the chamber of the cylinder and suitably held against rotation therein constitutes an axially movable element of .the clutch. The outer wall of, the cylinder 56 is extended to provide a support for an annular member 66 overhanging the chamber of the cylinder 56 and the piston 64 therein and constituting a flxed element of the clutch, and this fixed element of the clutch supports a spring 68 effective to return the piston 64 to its retractive position. A hub ll splined to the center shaft l8 supports a web 12 having. an offset flange I4 rotatable between the piston 64 and the flxedelement of the clutch.

A stationary housing" has an axially disposedhub 80 fitted with a bearing 82 for the reception of the driven shaft 30, and a flange 84 arranged on the hub in concentric relation thereto serves asa housing for a pump 86 suitably connected to the driven shaft. The housing I8 also has a hub 88 oppositely disposed with relation to the hub all. The hub 88 rigidly supports a sleeve 90 fltted on the center shaft l8, and the hub 88 also the recess supsupports an auxiliary housing 92 for a governor 94 and a pump 96. The sleeve 99 has therein a passage 98 extended parallel to the axis of the sleeve and radial ports I99 and I92. The port I99 provides a communication between the passage 98 and a valve indicated generally at I94 and the port I92 provides a communication between the passage 98 and the pump 86.

A torque converter indicated generally at I98 includes an impeller I98. a two-stage turbine H9 and a reaction member II 2. The impeller has a hub II4 mounted for rotation on the sleeve 99. The hub extends into .the auxiliary housing 92. The driving element of the pump 96 is connected to the hub, and a suitable fluid seal H6 is fitted between the hub and the wall of the auxiliary housing. The hub supports a web I I8 having secured' thereto spaced blades I29 supporting a shroud I22 and the web I I8 is secured'to a housing I24 bolted or otherwise fastened tothe web of the impeller 34 of the fluid coupling 32.

The two-stage turbine II9 provides in conjunction with the impeller a fluid circuit I26. The turbine includes a web I28 suitably supportedon the web 12 of the rotatable element of the clutch 54. The web I28 has arranged thereon spaced vanes I39 supporting a shroud I32 which in turn supports spaced vanes I 34 having thereon a shroud I36. The vanes I39 constitute the first stage of the turbine and the vanes I34 constitute the second stage of the turbine.

A sleeve I38 mounted for slight angular movement on the sleeve 99 constitutes the movable element of the valve I94. As shown, the sleeve has internal slots I49 and I42. In one position of the sleeve the slot I49 provides a communication between the passage 24 and the port I99 so as to provide for flow of fluid to the clutch 54, and in another position of the sleeve the slot I42 establishes communication between the passage 24 and a passage I 44 communicating with the fluid circuit so as to relieve pressure on the fluid in the chamber of the cylinder 56 upon release of the clutch. The valve being controlled through the medium of the reaction member.

The reaction member includes a hub I46 mounted for free rotation in one direction on the sleeve I39 and held against rotation in the reverse direction by means I48 interposed between the sleeve and the hub, and the hub has thereon a web I59 supporting spaced vanes I52 in the circuit I 26 between the first and second stages of the turbine.

A planetary gear system indicated generally at I54 is enclosed by the stationary housing 18. As shown, the planetary gear system includesa sun gear I56 integral with the center shaft I8, a

drum I 58 mounted for free rotation on the center shaft supports planet pinions I69 in mesh with the sun gear I56, and a drum I62 keyed to the driven shaft 39 supports an orbit gear I64 in mesh with the planet pinions I69.

A clutch I66 for locking the planetary gear system includes a plurality of clutch plates I68 carried by the dmm I58 interleafed with a pin-- rality of clutch plates I19 carried by the drum I62. The clutch is actuated by a piston I12 reciprocable in a cylinder I14 on the drum I58 so as to lock the drum I62 and orbit gear I64 to the drum.I58, and a brake I16 is provided for holding the drum I58, supporting the planet pinions, against movement.

The fluid pressure system for control of the apparatus includes the pumps 96 and 96, the former driven by the driven shaft and the latter driven by the prime mover or the internal combustion engine. The discharge of the pumps are connected by fluid delivery lines I18 and I89 to a branch fluid delivery line I82. The fluid delivery line I18 has connected therein an accumulator I84 andthe fluid delivery line I89 has connected therein a check valve L86 for inhibiting retrograde movement of fluid, and the branch fluid delivery line I82 is connected to a manually actuated -valve I 88.

The valve I88 includes a cylinder I99 having therein a reciprocable piston. The piston has a plurality of spaced lands I92, I94, I96 and I88 providing therebetween chambers 299, 292 and 294. The chamber 299 has a port 298 adapted to be connected to the sump and a port 298 connected by a fluid delivery line 2I9 to a fluid pressure actuated motor 2I2 for actuation of the brake I16. The chamber 292 is connected to the fluid delivery line I82, and the chamber 294 has a port 2I4 adapted to be connected to the sump and a port 2I6 connected by a fluid delivery line 2I8 through the governor 94 and fluid delivery line 229 to the fluid pressure means I12 for actuation of the clutch I66. The port 2I6 is also connected by a fluid delivery line 222 to the valve I94, and the valve is connected in turn by a fluid delivery line 224 to the chamber of the cylinder 56 for actuation of the clutch 54.

In. a normal operation, the valve I98 is so set that fluid under pressure may be delivered by the pump 96 through the fluid. delivery lines I18 and I82 to the chamber 292 and through the chamber 292, the port 2I6 and fluid delivery line 2I8 to the governor 94, thence through the govemor and the fluid delivery line 229 to the chamber 01 the cylinder I14 I66.

Under this condition, power received from the crankshaft I9 of the'prime mover flows through the web 49 to the impeller 34, resulting in energization of fluid in the circuit of the fluid coupling and the energy of the fluid is received by the runner 36 causing free rotation thereof. Concomitantly with this operation, power also flows through the housing I24 to the impeller I98 of the torque converter I96, causing rotation of the impeller with the resultant energization of the fluid in the circuit I26. The energy of the fluid-is received on the vanes I39 and I34 of the first and second stages of the turbine H9 and also on the vanes I52 of the reaction member II2. This results in rotation of the turbine and the transmission of power with torque multiplication from theturbine to the center shaft and through the center shaft and planetary gear system I54 to the driven shaft 39.

When the torque ratio reaches one-to-one or less, fluid reaction in the circuit I26 of the torque converter results in moving the reaction member H2 and disengagement thereof from the clutch I48, and thereafter the reaction member rotates freely in the circuit. The initial movement of so as to apply the clutch the reaction member causes slight angular movement of the sleeve I38, and this movement of the sleeve opens the valve I94, whereupon fluid under pressure is admitted to the chamber of the cylinder 56, resulting in applying the clutch 54.

When the clutch 54 is applied, the runner 36 of the fluid coupling 32 is locked to the turbine II9 of the torque converter. I96, and thereafter the fluid coupling and the torque converter operate in unison. However, the function of the torque converter during this stage of operation is that of a fluid coupling but does not deliver power equal to that of the fluid coupling 32.

With the runner of the fluid coupling and the turbine of the converter locked together, power flows from the runner and the turbine through the web l2 tothe center shaft l8, thence through the planetary gear system i 54 to the driven shalt.

Upon decrease of speed the direction of fluid flow in the circuit I26 of the converter changes. This results in reverse movement of the reaction member, whereupon the clutch M8 becomes effective to hold the reaction member against movement, and this movement of the reaction member moves the sleeve l38 through a slight angle to close the valve HM. This results in releasing the clutch 5d and the fluid in the cylinder 56 escapes through the port I42 in the valve I04 and returns to the fluid circuit. With the clutch released, the runner of the coupling rotates freely, and, accordingly, does not deliver power.

During this stage of operation, the sole source of power is derived from the converter, and when so operating, should it be found desirable to reverse, the valve I88 is shifted so as to connect the fluid delivery line 210 to the chamber 202. This results in actuation of the motor 2 l2 to apply the brake NB. This shifting of the valve I58 also disrupts communication between the fluid delivery lines 882 and 2118 so as release the clutch I66. Under this condition verter Hit through the web l2 and centershaft it to the planetary-gear system 15%, which reverses the direction of power flow to the driven shaft til. The governor 94 releases the pressure on the fluid in the cylinder I'M.

lle this invention has been described in connection with certain specific embodiments, the principle involved is susceptible of numerous other applications that will readily occur to persons skilled in the art. The invention is, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the various features of the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A transmission comprising a fluid coupling including an impeller and a runner, a fluid torque converter associated therewith including an impeller, a turbine, and a reaction member freely rotatable in one direction and held against rotation in the reverse direction, a fluid pressure actuated clutch for locking the runner and the turblne together a mechanical transmission connected to the coupling and to the converter, 9. fluid pressure actuated clutch forthe mechanical transmission, a fluid pressure actuated brake for the mechanical transmission, a fluid pressure system'connected to the clutches and to the brake, means connected in the system and adapted to be actuated by the reaction member for control of flow of fluid to the clutch for locking the coupling to the converter. means connected in the power flows from the con-' system for control of the flow of fluid to the clutch of the mechanical transmission and a manually actuated means connected in the system for control of the fluid pressure actuated brake.

2. A transmission comprising a fluid coupling including an impeller and a runner, a fluid torque converter associated therewith including an impeller, a turbine and a reaction member freely rotatable in one direction and held against rotation in the reverse direction. a fluid pressure clutch for locking the runner and the turbine together, a planetary gear system including a sun gear, planet pinions and an orbit gear connected to the turbines of the coupling and the converter, a clutch for locking the planetary system, a fluid pressure system connected to the clutches and to the brake, means connected in the fiuid pressure system and actuated by the reaction member for control of the flow of fluid to the clutch for locking the runner and turbine together, speed responsive means connected in the system for control of the clutch for the planetary gear system and a manually actuated valve connected in the system for control of the brake.

3. A transmission for a motor vehicle comprising a fluid coupling including a driving element and a driven element, a torque converter associated therewith including a driving element, a driven element. and a reaction element freely rotatable in one direction and held against r0- tation in the reverse direction, a clutch connected between the driven elements, a planetary gear system including a sun gear, planet pinions and an orbit gear connecting the driven elements to a driven member, a clutch for locking the planetary gear system for rotation as a single unit, a brake for holding the planet pinions of the planetary gear system, and a fluid pressure system for the transmission including pumps adapted to supply fluid under pressure to the system, an accumulator connected between the pumps for maintaining pressure on the fluid in the system, a manually actuated valve connected to the output of the pumps, conduits connecting the valve to the clutches and the brake, means connected in the conduit of theclutch for locking together the driven elements under control of the reaction element and speed responsive means connected in the conduit of the clutch for the planetary gear.

VLADHAIR J. JANDASEK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent: 

